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J. MAGHAFFIE.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 500,663. Patented-July 4, 189.3.

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J. MACHAFPIE.' ELECTRIC MOTOR.

N0. 500,663. Patented July 4,1898.

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J. MAGHAFFIE. ELECTRIC M0T0R.

No. 500,663. Patented Juy 4, 1893.

ja/@Mr `(No Model.) 12 Sheets-Sheet 4. J. MACHAFFIE.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 500,663. Patented July 4, 1893.

12 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

J. MAGHAPHE.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

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J. MAGHAFFIE. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 500,663. Patented July 4, 1893.

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(No Model.) 12 Sheets-Sheet 7.

J. MAGHAFFIE. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 500,663. Patented July 4, 1893.

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` (No Model.)

J. MACHAFFIE. .ELECTRICA MOTOR.

,663. Patented July 4, 1893.

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J. MAGHAFIIE. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

(No Model.) 12 sheets-shet 11. J. MAGHAFPIE. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

LLUeIz-vrx 12 Sheets-She-et 12.

Patented July 4; 1893.l

J. MACHAFPIB.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

(No Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN MACHAFFIE, OF SOHENEOTADY, NEV YORK.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 500,663, dated July 4, 1893.

Application filed October 8, 1891. Serial No. 408,095. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom, t may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN MACHAFFIE, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, and a resident of the city of Schenectady, county of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to spherical armature dynamo electric machines, and it has for its object to so construct such machines, and the parts connected therewith, as to adapt them for the efficient traction or propulsion of any vehicle, vessel or body, as well as for all purposes to which dynamo electric machines, in general, are applied, or are suitable.

The several features of novelty, constituting the invention, are hereinafter pointed out in the claims.

The invention may be put in practice in several ways, and the several parts may be modified or altered, to suit different requirements or circumstances, without departing from the principle of the invention.

In the drawingsz-Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation, showing the invention applied to the axle of a wheeled vehicle. Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of one of the armature coils. Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional View of four strands of the armature coil, illustrated in Fig. 2, showing lthe method of binding. Fig. 4 represents a detail sectional view of the commutator. Fig. 5 is a diagram of the electric connections. Fig. 5a is an enlarged view of Fig. 5, showing the circuits. Fig. (i is a cross section, through A. A, A, A, of the electromagnets shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a modified form of the spider of the commutator, shown in Fig. l. Fig. S is a part section of the armature shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 9 is a partsection of the framework of the dynamo, showing a modification of that illustrated in Fig. 1. Fig. 'l0 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the dynamo, adapted to aquatic servico, the pole pieces being shaped to act as propelling blades. Fig. 11 is a cross section through B. B, B. B, of the electromagnets, shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the contact surface of Fig. 10. Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the dynamo, the boss or center being extended and crowned with a hollow semisphere, provided with propelling blades. Fig. 1a is a cross sectional elevation of a marine ship with dynamo at cloven mid-ship bottom. Fig. 15 is a part longitudinal sectional elevation of the same ship. Fig. 16 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the dynamo, the ar mature with external radiating propelling blades being the electrical moving part. Fig. 17 is a part sectional longitudinal elevation of a modified form of the dynamo, thrust-block and appurtenances thereof. Fig. 18 isa longitudinal sectional elevation 0f the dynamo, adapted for general electric or motor purposes. Fig. 19 shows a modification of the coils and electrcmagnets, shown in Fig. 18. Fig. 2O is a further modification of the coils and electromagnets, shown in Fig. 18. Fig. 21 is alongitudinal sectional elevation of the dynamo, adapted for general service, but more particularly to work as a motor. Fig. 22 is a detail view of the contact surfaces of the commutator, shown in Fig. 21. Fig. 23 shows a modification of the electromagnets winding, shown in Fig. 21. Fig. 24is a part longitudinal sectional elevation of the dynamo, the electro magnets being among the moving parts. Fig. 25 shows a modification of the electromagnet electrical contacts, shown in Fig. 24. Fig. 26 shows a modification of the electro magnets, shown in Fig. 24. Fig. 27 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the dynamo, which may be drive on, or driven from, the periphery of the machine, by any well-known and suitable method.

Referring to Fig. 1:A is the axle of a vehicle, carried on wheels O. NV, and having fitted to, or made in one with it the shoulders B, and B. The general framework of-the car, (which is, or may be, of any ordinary construction,) is not shown. The axle is bent, cranked, or made eccentric, at the part A. The pole-piece F, which may be a built, (so built t'or the purpose of erection,) disk of paramagnetic metal, and the boss O, are carried on the axle, as shown. E is the armature body of the machine, and H are armature coils, through which electric current or currents may be passed, (when working as a motolg) as hereinafter set forth. It will be noted that the parts are so constructed, relatively to each other, that the center-line WV. W, W. iV, of the angled part A', at its mid- ICO die point t', intersects the general axis Y. Y, Y Y, of the rotationtof said axle A, also the center-line X. X, X. X of the pole-piece F and boss C, and the center-line Z.-Z, Z. Z, of the armature body E. Therefore the intersection point i is a relatively stationary point, about which the several moving parts may move in their respective paths, so that there may be a thorough balanced action imparted to said moving parts.

At the ends ofthe crank portion A are the shoulders B, B', of paramagnetie metal, which are tapered or inclined so as to retain the adjoining parts in correct relative position to one another, and so that the boss C, being placed loosely on said pin or portion A', is thereby retained in suitable relation to those parts of the general framework, which I have named thrust-blocks D, D2, on one or other of which, at any one instant, the boss C has a greater direct pressure contact on the faces M', N', being held thereto by a difference of magnetic intensity in the opposite electromagnets N. In passing from the said pole-piece F to the said armature body E, the magnetic lines of force intersect the armature coils H. The boss C is,preferably, as shown, tted with the double series of anti-friction balls C', which iit into the fillets of the portion A' of the axle A, (and are so sunk into the boss C, as to absorb, in rolling action thereon, the friction due to torsional strains. vOblique strain and sliding tendencies, due to the normal impelling action of the pole-piece F, are absorbed in rolling friction on the contacts M', N'.) The said pole-piece F may be, preferably, built up of two or more parts, in any well-known and suitable manner, to admit of its being placed on the portion A', and is suitably perforated with a number of holes F', and provided with grooves F2 on the periphery, to admit of the passage of oil and air, Whenever the pole-piece F impinges against the oil, (shown in hair lines), and air, contained Within the oil holder N2. The oil holder is shown at NG and is shaped so as to admit of the normal wabbling action of the pole-piece F, being held oil tight to the thrustblocks D and D2, near the parts N', and by the several oil and air tubes E2, E3, and EG. The tube E6 is provided with a suitable faucet E4, for the discharge of waste oil. The tube E3 is for fresh oil supply, and the tubes E2 for air ingress and egress, during normal action, with consequent cooling effects.

The armature body E is made in three parts, secured together,'so as to insure the necessary spheroidal form, and to retain the armature coils H, with their suitable insulation, binding, and casings K,in position, and also to admit of the termini L of the coils H, being suitably led out to form connections, (hereinafter specified,) with the commutator C. T, (hereinafter specified.) The armature body E is shown as having fitted to, or madein one with it, the electromagnets N, which may be of any well-known and suitable construction,

number, and arrangement, for magnetic purposes. They are shown arranged radially in this ligure, and as projecting out from the thrust-blocks D, D2, to the armature body E. The armature has also fitted to, or made in one piece with it, the cover C. C. C,having a stuffing box O and gland R. The armature body E is also provided with suitable lugs E7, which are secured to some suitable and convenient permanent part E" of the vehicle, by means of the bolts ES.

The device C. T. is what l term the comm utator, and it consists of a cylinder T, which is made,preferably,in one with the armature E,and may be provided with a suitable drain E12, for the outlet of any oil which may escape from the holder N ln the cylinder T is embedded, in a suitable insulation V, the cominutator rings T. R, one of which is operated by means of a rack, and wheel or pinion T', which is turned by the spindle T7. The spindle T3 has its bearing in the end cover C. C, and is turned by bevel wheel T2 on the spindle T4, mounted on a bracket Z', and connected to an operating handle. With this arrangement, the ring T, R', (see Fig. 4,) may be easily turned about the axis Y, Y, Y, Y, of the axle A, into the proper relative position to the other rings, so as to effect instantaneous stoppage, start, or reversal, of this dynamo electric machine.

The commutator C. T. has a suitable hub or center Y, grooved at one end or edge to throw off any waste oil into the oil guard N8, attached to the thrust-block D2. The groove is not shown on the drawings. Springs Y' are also connected to the commutator, and bolts or pins V', suitably insulated as at V2 and V3. The springs Y' carry on their tips, in suitable bearings, the pivots of the conducting rolls, Y2, which, as the axle A revolves, pass over the inner circumference of the rings T. R, thereby effecting the necessary transpositions of the electric current or currents from one ring to another, and thus effect the alternating` changes in the direction of the currents passed through the said armature coils ll.

Fig. 2, shows one of the armature coils Il, of Fig. l, on a larger scale, each convolution being suitably insulated and bound together, and the whole suitably incased in the oiltight casing K, when found necessary. In Fig. 3 the method of binding the said convo.- lutions is shown clearly. J is the binder, which may be of any well known and suitable kind and material, being crossed between and brought tightly over and under each said convolution, as indicated, thus interlacing them. The rings T. R5 and T. R", (Fig. 4:), merely afford contact bearings, being complete rings suitably insulated from each other, and without any electric connections. The rings T. R', T. R2, T. R2 are each divided into two parts, insulated each from each, the bearing contacts of T. R' and T. R2, being half the length of the same of T. R2; but all haw ing the same radius, and placed as shown,

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and suitably connected by combined bolts and line-pieces L', to the armature coils H, (Fig. l), and to the external circuit or circuits, so that, when one of the rolls Y2, (Fig. l), may roll in contact, say at section D. D. D, (Fig. 4t), closing say the positive current or currents between that section of the ring T. R2, and the corresponding section of T. R3, the other roll will be simultaneously closing the negative current or currents between the section A. A. AA, and the corresponding section of T. R2; and so on, closing section B. B. B. simultaneously with section C. C. C, section D. D. D. simultaneously with section A. A. A, and section C. C. C. simultaneously with sec tion B. B. B, as the rolls aforesaid perform l their circular paths, thereby alternately opening and closing the said sections, D. D. D; A. A. A; C. C. C; and B. B. B; of the said rings T. R', T. R5, T. R3, T. Rl and T. R2, in order to maintain a continuous current or currents in the external circuit or circuits, and alternating current or currents in the internal circuit or circuits, in cases where this difference between the said currents of the said circuits is expedient. It is evident that said rings T. R',T. R2, T. R3, may be suitably divided, and a suitable number of rolls Y2, (Fig. l), employed, to effect the proper transpositions, for any suitable number of armature coils, which may be suitable, as the case may be.

Fig. 5 is a diagram of the electric connections of the dynamo in general. The following explanations will render this diagram in Fig. 5, plain to those skilled in the art:-H represents the armature coils, and H' the helices, (of which there may be any convenient number,) of the electromagnets. C. T. represents the commutator, and'E. C. the external circuit of either the generated or derived current or currents, the crosses thereon indicating electric current sources, or lamps. It will be noticed that the arrow heads plainly show alternating currents in the armature coils H, and the general internal circuits, passing in and out through the `respective quarters of the said coinmutator C. T, and a constant current through the general external circuit E. C; and it is evident that suitable connections to and from the said rings T. R', T. R2, T. R2, and T. R4, (Fig. 4,) may be made to suit any number of armature coils H. (Fig. 1,) which maybe adopted: and moreover, that in any case Where alternating current or currents may be preferable in both the external and internal circuits, (Fig. 5,) the said commutator may not be used. E. S. is the source of electricity.

The action of the machine is as follows, reference being made to the enlarged diagram Fig. 5 which will be well understood by electricians, and on which E S shows the source of electricity, which may be a dynamo, storage batteries, dac.: The lines Amrepresent the Wire connections, H, H', the armature coils T R', T R2, T R3, T R4, T R5, the commutator rings, and H2 the magnet coils. The ring T R3 is made in two parts, with aspace between them, as shown, and one part A-.r of the external circuit wire is connected to the one part, while the other part of the circuit wire, A-x-x, is connected to the otherpart. E- L are lamps. Presuming that the machine Fig. l, is acting as a motor, then the object aimed at is to impart, at suitable times, simultaneous transient and opposite impulses to the parts of the volume of disk F, under the influence of the magnet fields within the coils H, H' so that, as a result of these impulses in combination with the controlling effects of the rolling contacts M', N', such an oscillatory-reciprocative and revolutionary action will be imparted to the disk F that, consequently, as long as the conditions be maintained, disk F forces crank A' and shaft A round and propels the vehicle. The magnet and armature windings may be either series or shunt, but, presuming that they are wound in series let it be supposed that tlie rollers Y2 of the commutator are in contact with the divisions A', D respectively, of the ring T R2 and also with the portions of the ring T R3 the rings TR4 and T R5 being inactive and merely supports, then the electric current from the external circuit A-Qc will pass from the lower part of ring T R2, through the roller Y2 in contact with it, to the division D' of ring T R2 and from thence, by wire A-zr' to the branch wires A-2 and A-aS and would be divided, one current passing to armature winding H, and the other to the armature winding H' (see arrows Fig. 5u). The current, passing through the armature windings H, and H', would convert said windings, for the time being into solenoids, and, as a result, the disk F would beimpelled. The coils H, H' are wound spirally, so that the portions of the disk F, whichv come underthe respective combined control of the coils H, H and the magnetic iields induced in the immediate vicinity of suitable portions of the coils, H, H', are impelled in opposite directions across the said induced and directed fields, t'. c., the upper part of said disk F is impelled to the left hand, while the lower part is, at the same time, impelled to the right hand. From the coils H, H' (while the rollers Y2 are still passing over the divisions D' and A' of the ring T R2), the electric current passes by the wires A-l, A-x, respectively, to the connection A--r where the divided current is again united and passes by the division A' of the ring` TR2 and the roller Y2 in contact therewith, to the upper portion of the ring TR2 and outof the com inutator, through the connections A-QJT to the series windings H2 of the magnets N, thereby producing in the latter magnetic iiuxes. After passing through the windings of the magnets vN the derived electriccurrent completes its circuit by the external wire A-x-Qc back to the other terminal of the wire A-ar. By a wellknown law of magnetic circuit, these induced IOO IIO

magnetic fluxes in the magnets N will assume a path of least resistance to complete their circuits round the windings H2 of the magnets, therefore, cover C, C, C and rolls Y2 being of diamagnetic material, the magnetic lines must (see Fig. l) travel through the provided paramagnetic circuits, i. e., lthrough the armature E, disk F, shaft A, and blocks D, D2 cutting the coils H, H' in their respective paths. But, as the coils H, H are solenoids, when the magnetic lines cut through them, by a well known law of motor action, the disk F, being the only part free to move, will be impelled to roll on the contacts M', N' thus causing, since t-he disk is mounted on crank A', shaft A to revolve about its axis, through ninety degrees. At this juncture, let it be supposed that the disk F has been impelled over the opposite side to that shown at Fig. l, then it is evident that the disk must be impelled in an opposite direction, that is, back again in order to force it out of position and, at the saine time, complete another ninety degrees of a revolution. This is done by reversing the currentsin the armature coils, II, H'. The reversal is effected by the rolls Y2, which, d urin g the movement of the disk F and shaft A, have now traveled round until they cease to be in contact with the divisions D',A' of the ring TR2 but have run into contact with the divisions B, C, of the ring T R'. As a consequence, the electric current from the line wire A-00, now passes from the lower division of the ring TR2, through the roll Y2 for the time beingin contact therewith, to the part C of the ring T R' and from thence, by the connection A-azs, into the branches A--zr9 and A-10 and so to the armature coils II, H'. The current as indicated by the arrows, now passes in a reverse direction, through the coils, the circuit being completed thro ugh the wires A-Qc11 and A-:r12 connection A-x, section B of ring T R', the roll Y2 in contact therewith, the upper part of ring T R2, connection A-, coils H2 of magnets N and external circuit A--x-. As a result of this reversal of the current, the impulses of the coils H, H', act on the disk F, in an opposite direction, and, as a consequence, turn it and the shaft through other ninety degrees, when again,by the movements of the rolls Y2 the currents are reversed, and so on, the currents being reversed at every ninety degrees of the revolution of the shaft. As will be seen, since the rolls Y2 are mounted on the shaft A, the action is continuous and automatic so long as the supply of electricity is maintained.

In Fig. 5, the reversed or alternate currents are plainly indicated by the arrows.

The cross section shown in Fig. G, is through A. A, A. A, (Fig. 1,) of the electromagnets N, and shows the electromagnet core N"L insulated from and surrounded by the helix N2, which may be insulated or covered in any well-known and suitable manner. N2 represents the covering.

Fig. 7 shows a modified form of spider for the commutator O. T. (Fig. l), and may be used in lieu of the spider there shown with the rolls Y2, in any case where suitable, or where brushes Y2, (Fig. 7,) of any well-known and suitable type and material, may be preferable to rolls Y2, (Fig. l.) It will be noticed that the springs Y', (Fig. 7,) in the sockets or arms YS, keep a constant initial outward pressure on the brushes Y2, to keep them in contact positions, when the centrifugal force, due to revolution, may be small or m'l. Tith this arrangement, as portrayed in the aforedescribed figures, though with special reference to Fig. l, if suitable electric current or currents be, as hereinbefore speciiied,con ducted through the armature coils H, then, by the well-known principle of action of so called electric motors, the disk pole-piece F, with its boss C, being the only part free to move under the conditions, and having suitable contacts at its boss C, at any one instant, with either one or other of the thrust-blocks D or D2, at the surfaces M', N', is impelled to move as nearly at right angles to the said armature coils H, opposite, or in the vicinity of, each electromagnet N, as the rolling action of the said boss 0 on the said contact surfaces M', N', will permit, which said impelling action is caused to be repeated in suitable, successive order, by the commutator C. T, alternately changing the direction of the said electric current or currents passed through the said armature coils II, so as to cause the said pole-piece F to wabble, with the intersection point t as center. The result of the construction is that the movement is equivalent to that which can be effected by any well-known form of gearing, thus effecting in this case, or in any other case, by the means shown in Fig. l, a so called gearing down effect, from the angular velocity of the polepiece F about the point t', to the angular velocity of the axle A about its axis Y. Y, Y. Y, without the intervention of so called gearing. It will be noted that if, in any case, said contacts M', N', on the said boss C, may be preferably less in diameter than the co1'- responding contacts M', N', of either one of the said thrust-blocks, a so called gearing up effect would thereby be effected.

In order to reverse the dynamo, the operating ring, say T. R', (Figs. l and l), of the commutator, may be turned, by means of the wheels T2 (Fig. l), and spindle T2, through one hundred and eighty degrees or any other suitable angular quantity, thereby reversing the order of sections D. D. D, C. C. C, A. A. A, B. B. B, (Fig. 4), and in order to maintain a stoppage of the dynamo, the same ring, say T. R", may be turned, by the same means, through ninety degrees, or any other suitable angular quantity, thereby destroying the alternating order of the transpositions through the divisions D. D. D, A. A. A, C. C. C, B. B. B. In order to reverse these operations, the said ring T R' may be either turned the reverse way, or still farther in the same direction,

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until the said sections D. D. D, A. AA A, C. C. C, B. B. B, may have the necessary relative order to produce the desired results,

It Will be noticed that if an oil or lubricant be used, which is a non-conductor of electricity at the voltage at Which this dynamo may be worked, then the oil-holder N11 (Fig. l) may be omitted, when the Whole machine becomes simultaneously an oil holder; and it will be noticed that, in any case whatever, the contact surfaces M', N', at and on one or other of the said thrust-blocks, may have different. diameters from the similar surfaces at and on the other thrust-block, with their corresponding surfaces M', N', of the boss or center C, thus effecting a difference between forward and reverse velocities, in any case Where preferable, as, for instance, to return energy to the general circuit or circuits, when a car or other vehicle, may be descending a grade; and, moreover the said electromagnets N, may be substituted by permanent magnets, if preferable. If the aforesaid difference of magneticintensity orintensities,between opposite electromagnets N, (Fig. l), may not afford sufficient pressure on the contacts M', N', to maintain the necessary rolling action thereon at all points of revolution of shaft A, then the modified form of the armature body E, shown in Fig. 8, may be used, Where an intermediate section E12 is threaded to extensions E10 by right and left threads to the main sections of the armature body E, and the sections may be drawn together by turning the section E12 through teeth W1operated by a worm 73 on the spindle T4. There is thus afforded a means of varying the contact pressure on the contacts M', N', so that an instantaneous stop, or start, may be effected, independently of any electrical means, thus rendering it unnecessary to interfere with the continuous action of the electric current or currents, except When a reverse action may be desired.

In Fig. 9 is partly shown a modified form for attaining the same object. The lever T11 is attached at T13, to suitable operating` devices and is pinned, at T12, to a loose collar or ring Z, on the ring T15, around the axle A, and, by a link Z' is connected to the thrustblock D by means of a pin T10. Further, it Will be noticed that in Fig. 9, the armature E is made or built up of a suitable number of parts, consisting of the sections E, with flanges E19, shown above the dotted lines, and held together by the bolts or pins E211. The oilholder N6 is made of jointed sections, one of the joints being shown at N1, for the purpose of affording access to the internal parts.

Fig. 10 represents the dynamo adapted for propulsion in Water, (as, for instance, at the stern, or in the dead Wood of a marine ship.) The spindle T2, Which is operated by any suitable means, operates the cylinder T, (which contains all the rings T. R, rigidly embedded in suitable insulation V,) by an external rack T. O, into which gears the spur pinion T' on the spindle T1, which is turned by the bevel wheels T2, the said spindles T2 ar1d'l17liaving their respective bearings on the bracket Z2, which may be fitted to, or made one with, the rigidly fixed containing cylinder Z2, all the other parts of the said current transposer C. T. being similar to those shown in Fig. l. The pole-pieces F may be similar in their helical formed surfaces to the blades of a screw-propeller, or they may be made specially Wide for purposes of propulsion toward and at the outer tips, where they may be suitably curved to present sufficient surfaces to form suitable magnetic fields with the armature body E, made in sections E, E' and E2, secured by screws A. P. Armature body E is provided with a suitable guard N5, to protectthe insulated electric connections L', passing through glands L2. The thrustblocks D and D2 have strengthening ribbed iianges D4, and pins or bolts D', for securing said blocks to the frame X. The thrust-block D has a st ufling box O, and thegland R, to prevent leakage of Water round the shaft A. The oil hole and groove XV, in the frame and block D, are for the purpose of distributing oil, from the pipe X' to the channel U, and over the bearing of the shaft A. The oilis transmitted, through the channel U, to the several bearings Within the boss C, which is spheroidal in contour; the internal rolling surfaces h' N', on the boss C, are less in diameter than the corresponding surfaces M', N, on the thrust-block D. The said boss C is also provided with the external rolling contact surfaces M2, N2. By this arrangement, motion of the pole-pieces or blades F, in a reverse direction to that of the shaft A is effected, and the said blades F are caused to constantly revolve into mechanically undisturbed water or air, as the case may be, simultaneously With their oscillatoryreciprocative-feathering propelling action. This rotation of the shaft is in a direction, according as the said shaft A may be moved longitudinally in one direction or the opposite, by the solenoid S, which is provided with a suitable spool T30, having on it a cogged segment T2, and a helical thread T5, fitting into a cornesponding groove in the rigidly fixed cylinder T2, in which, at a sliding tit, there is the piston G, of some suitable paramagnetic metal, and rigidly attached to the shaft A, so that, through the rotation of pinion T6, which gears with said cogged segment TS, the solenoid S will occupy a position at one side or other, or midway in relation to the piston G, and thus, by magnetic impulse, will move the said shaft A longitudinally, or retaining itin a mid-Way position, thereby engaging, or retaining in a mid-position, the contacts FIQN', and M2, N2, of the boss C, thus effecting the aforesaid forward and reverse, ora cessation of propulsion, at will.

Fig. ll is a section, through B. B, B. B, of the electro-magnets N, in Fig. l0, the core N4, helix N2, and Water proof and tight casing N2, being all of a suitable oval or elliptical section, in order that the said electromagnets N IOO for,

(Fig. 10), may pass through water or air, as the ease may be, with a minimum retardation to the desired propulsion.

Fig. 12 is a Mercator-s projection of the internal surface of the cylinder T (Fig. 10), showing the rings T. R', T. R5, T. R3, T. R4, T. R2 (Fig. 12), embedded in the insulating material. This figure differs only from Fig. 4 in that the cylinder T, with its parts, must be bodily operated.

In Fig. 13, the armature E, with its attach* ments, is stationary, the guard or casing N5 being' su fticiently large to prevent circulation of water through the said armature E. The object of having the casing at one end only is to prevent water along with floating particles rushing through the machine and tending to clog it up and impede the working. In this figure the extended boss C2 presents the outer rolling contacts M2, N2, to the outer thrust block D2, the boss C, (which is provided with actuating anti-friction balls C', which may be inserted by the hole, plugged by the plug O,) presenting the inner rolling contacts M', N', to the inner thrust block D. The boss C carries the hollow semisphere E, E with its blades F A. R is an armature ring, which retains the armature coils Hin their respective positions. 1n this case, the cylinder T is provided with a drain hole Tand is rigidlylixed, by bolts T, to the general framework X. In this view, the spool T10, with solenoid S, is mounted on a rigidly fixed cylinder "2. The shaft at A can, as shown, be operated by steam. hydraulic or pneumatic pressure on piston G, as well as by the action of the solenoid S.

Figs. 14 and 15 represent a case where a dynamo is applied to tha suitably divided, or recessed or cloven, mid-ship bottom of a merchant marine ship, the commutator C. T. being inside the vessel, and connected to the shaft A by means of a shaft or spindle A2, and suitable bevel wheels A3, which are suitably incased, (see dotted lines Fig. 15) to prevent obstruction to their normal action. A4 is a stuffing box and gland, to prevent leakage.

In Fig. 16, the armature is the moving part, having the propelling blades F, rolling contacts M2, N2, and boss orcenter C, and has accommodation for the box-nut C2, which is screwed internally over the extremity A' of the shaft A, retaining actuating balls C', and with suitable hole for the insertion of the cable L, which makes the electrical connections with the coils H, and passes to the swivel L5, through the central hole U of the shaft A, which is provided with a suitable stuffing gland L4, to keep back oil and water. The commutator C. T. is similar to that shown at Figs. 1 and 15, except that it hasabracket N2, to support the swivel The casingT31 has a spring S', which presses against the hub Y of the commutator C. T, thereby keeping a longitudinal strain on shaft A, to etfect the necessary contacts M', N', while the said solenoid S, (through which some suitable electric current may be passed), excites a magnetie impulse on said hub Y, in an opposite direction to said spring S', thereby effecting an automatic regulation, similarly and for the same purpose as solenoid S in Fig. 13.

Fig. 17 shows a modified form of thrustblock D. Y is a cylinder. The channel S P may admit some suitable fluid pressure to act on piston G', which may be fitted to or made in one with the thrust-block D so that when thrust of propulsion comes on the said thrust.- block D,said liuid pressure on said piston G' will yield to said thrust, admitting of suflicient longitudinal movement of said thrustblock D, (before stop ring D R comes in contact with block D D,) to transmit a sufficient similar movement, through any well known and suitable system of devices Q Q' to regulate the source or sources of power, by any well known an d suitable means, whether such source or sources may be mechanical or electrical, this system of regulation being particularly useful, as for instance in heavy seas, or any varying load. O Oare stuffing boxes. R. R', stufling glands. Z (Figs. 13 and 17) is a slide valve, operated by rod Q Q. D. C. drain cocks.

Fig. 1S. shows the dynamo adapted forgcneral purposes, as a dynamo or motor, having` the electromagnets N at one end andthe commutator C T at the other end of the armature body E, which is provided with the external helix N3 to assist or augment the magnetic circuit or circuits through said armature body E which may be further provided with suitable feet E7 secured by bolts ES. It differs from Fig. 1 in having teeth or cogs on the contact surface M' ofthe thrust-block D, meshing into corresponding teeth or cogs on the corresponding surface M of the boss or center C and further in having a solenoid S (through which the electric current, or any suitable part thereof passes) and spring C similarly to Fig. 16 so arranged that the mechanical and magnetic actions are directly on the hub Z6 of the belt pulley B l? which is rigidly keyed to shaft A thereby eifecting the automatic regulation similarly as in Fig. 16. The shaft A2 is attached rigidly to thc cxtremity A of the shaft A thereby retaining boss C with pole-pieces F in suitable relation to the cogged contacts Mand the rolling contacts N'. In any case where preferable, the said toothed contacts at M' may be plain rolling contacts in which case, (as shown dotted) said shaft A2 may have fitted to it or made in one with it, the suitable collar Z2operated by the lever T T5, which has its fulerum at T T2 and operated at the end T T3 thereby rendering` it unnecessary to manipulate the commutator.

Fig. 19 shows a modification of Fig. 1S NN being additional electromagnets and Il ll being additional coil placed on the pole piece F, the currents from or to which pole piece F may be conducted by the wires L'.

Fig. 20 shows a further modification of Fig. 1S, having the coils ll II on the pole piece F,

IOO

IIC

in an extended casing K K and the electromagnetsNclad by the shroud Dsand covered so as to act on the extended portion of the said coil H H and having an additional helix N3 on the thrust-block D thus utilizing thrustblock D as another electromagnet.

In Fig. 2l is shown the machine specially adapted as an electric motor for general Work, the thrust blocks D and D2 heilig utilized as electromagnets, similarly as in Fig. 20, and the armature body E, is provided with airholes E2 and oil-holes E2 and E and the covered commutator cylinder T which has a hole E12 to accommodate the drain pipe TG. lThe commutator C T is similar to that shown in Fig. lO but in Fig. 22 is shown a Mercators projection of the transposing rings T R', T R2, T R3, T R4, T R5, which may be adopted. It will be noted that the said rings, though different in shape from what has been previously referred to herein still the same electric effects are insured, the bent portions TR5 acting for bearings for the said rolls in the places l and 2 and rings or portions TR3 in the other two places 3 and 4 as said rolls pass over spaces between the divisions D D D, C C C, A A A, B B B.

In Fig. 23 is shown a modification of the electromagnets Nin Fig. 2l the helix i 2 beingwound internally to the armature body E and externally on the thrust-block D thus intensifying the so called magnetic circuit through said armature body E and thrustblocks D and D2 with consequent increase of field intensity.

Fig. 24 shows the electromagnets N mounted on the common boss or center C and tipped with the pole-pieces F the electric current being supplied to thehelices of the said electromagnets by means of the rolling contacts L2 rolling in pairs each pair being insulated from one another, and connected by wires L to the electric source or sources and in this case the said armature bodyE will have a suitable oblate-spheroidal form, to suit the paths of the said pole-pieces F.

Fig. 25 shows another method of supplying the electric current to the electro magnetsN; L3 beingwthe suitable metal contacts, and B2 the insulations embedded in the'shoulders B, B', of the shaft A and in the thrust-blocks D, D2, conveniently near the rolling contacts M', N.

Fig. 26 shows in part another method of arranging the electromagnets shown in Fig. 24, two being radial, and four tangential, (Fig. 26) passing their magnetic lines in suitable directions, as is well known to the art, through four pole-pieces F.

In Fig. 27 the armature E, cylinder T, current collector cylinder T22, the electromagnets N, pole-pieces F and shaft A, each with their respective devices, are all driving parts while the thrust-blocks D, D2, are stationary with the bed-plate X, the block D being adjusted longitudinally by means of the hand wheel T T3 to effect the rolling contacts M', N also to effect a start, stop, or variation as required mechanicaliy. The comm utator rolls Y2 are operated on the block D2 by means of the hand wheel T2. Oil chambers X are provided in the thrust-blocks and the chains U lifting the oil therefrom, and passing it on through the helical grooves U in the surface of the shaft A, to lubricate internal bearings. It will be noted that if preferable, the pillowblock D2 may be the 'longitudinally adjustble one.

Although I have shown on my drawings, by way of example, convenient methods of carrying ont my invention in practice, I do not limit myself to the exact arrangement or arrangements of parts thereon shown, as the arrangements may be manifestly slightly altered, as is evidently compatible with the versatility of the invention, to suit different requirements; and it is to be understood that it may be used efficiently and advantageously for all purposes to which dynamo electric machines in general may be applied, or are suitable.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a dynamo electric machine, a main rotating shaft arranged in a straight line, and pole-piece projections F carried by said shaft and extending from opposite sides thereof at an angle less than a right angle, combined with an armature and magnets, substantially as described.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine, a main rotating shaft, a boss arranged centrally thereon and pole-piece projections F extending from said boss atan angle less than a right angle to the line of the shaft and from opposite sides thereof, combined with an armature and magnets, substantially as described.

3. In a dynamo electric machine, a main rotating shaft arranged in a straight line, and disk pole piece F carried on said shaft and inclined thereto at an angle less than a right angle, combined with an armature and magnets, substantially as described.

4E. In a dynamo electric machine, a main rotating shaft, a boss arranged centrally thereon and disk pole piece F extendingfrom said boss atan angle less than a right angle to the line of the shaft combined with an armature and magnets, substantially as described.

5. In a dynamo electric machine a main shaft, a pole piece extending at an angle from the shaft less than a right angle, a hollow shell carried by said pole piece and external blades carried thereby, substantially as described.

G. In a dynamo electric machine, a rotating shaft, inclined shoulders projecting therefrom and pole pieces fitted between said shoulders, substantially as described.

7. In dynamo electric machines, the coinbination with a bent, cranked, or eccentric shaft or axle, of a boss or center iitted on said shaft or axle, a pole-piece made in one with or IOO IIO

IIS

fitted on said boss or center, and of a thrustblock, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

8. In dynamo electric machines, the combination with a bent, cranked, or eccentric shaft or axle, of a boss or center fitted on said shaft or axle, a polepiece made in one with or fitted on said boss, and of thrustblocks With contact orbearing faces between said blocks and said boss, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

9. The combination with the bent, cranked, or eccentric shaft or axle A, of the boss C, pole piece F, thrust-blocks D, D2, magnets N, and inclosing armature E, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

lO. The combination with the shaft or axle A, of the boss C, pole-piece F, thrust-blocks D, D2, magnets N, armature E, and oil casing NG, fitted within said armature, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

11. The combination with the shaft or axle A, of the boss C, the inclined pole-piece F, thrust-blocks D, D2, the side magnets N, armature E, and coils H, Iil on the circumference of the pole piece, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

12. The combination with the shaft or axle A of rolls Y2 carried on said shaft by means of springs Y', transposing rings T R and means for operating one or more of said rings, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

13. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with the main shaft, boss with pole pieces thereon, the armature, Contact surfaces M', N', M2, N2, and means for varying the degree of contact between said surfaces, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

14. The combination with the shaft A, of a movable thrust-block surrounding said shaft and regulating devices connected to said movable thrust-block for regulatingthe source or sources of power, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

15. The combination with the shaft A, of

an extended thrust-block surrounding said shaft, and a piston G made in one with orsecured to the thrust-block, said piston being inclosed in a cylinder containing fluid pressu re, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

i6. In dynamo electric machines, the combination with a bent, cranked, or eccentric shaft or axle, of an inclosing` armature, made in two or more parts, and carried on said axle, and of a device for drawing the parts of said armature together or for thrusting them apart, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

17. The combination withthe bent,cranked, or eccentric shaft or axle A,of a thrust-block fitted on said shaft or axle, of a boss C, confacts M', N', between said boss and thrustblock an d teeth or cogs on the boss and thrustblock, which mesh into each other, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

1S. The combination with thebent,cranked, or eccentric shaft or axle A, of a pole-piece fitted on said shaft or axle, an inclosing or partially inclosing armature and electromagnets fitted around said shaft or axle, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

19. The combination with thebent, cranked, or eccentric shaft or axle A, of a boss fitted thereto, one or more magnets vfitted to said boss and one or more pole-piecessurmounting said magnets, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

20. The combination with the bent, cranked, or eccentric shaft or axle A, of a boss fitted thereon, one or more magnets fitted to said boss, one or more pole-pieces fitted to said magnets and electrical contacts L3, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

In witness whereof I hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN MACHAFFIE. lVitnesses:

Jol-IN B. HAGADORN, LEVI T. CLUTE. 

